Chris Skinner's blog

Shaping the future of finance

Africa is leap-frogging the financial world with mobile

Chris Skinner Author Avatar
by

Expanding on yesterday's discussion of how MNOs are sweeping up business for the underbanked and unbanked, Igor Pesin of Life.SREDA posted a lovely update giving even more detail.  Here is how he saw things ...

Fintech in Rwanda: the place where Telcos are surpassing Banks in the financial sector

Telcos dominate in the financial sector of Rwanda

Last week I participated in the leading fintech conference in Africa “Dot Finance, which took place in Kigali, capital of Rwanda. The audience of 400–500 people mainly consisted of bankers, entrepreneurs and government officials from different countries of Africa, alongside global fintech influencers Chris Skinner and David M. Brear.

Discussing the future of fintech in Africa with Chris, Regis, John and David

It was a lot of discussions around the future of FinTech in Africa and Rwanda in particular, where the fintech boom for financial inclusion has already started there (they estimate that 90–95% of population has access to financial services) and what is more interesting is that it’s not driven by banks or payment companies.

Fintech development in Rwanda is driven by Telcos.

Major mobile operators MTN, Tigo and Airtel strongly compete in the mobile payment space

There are 3 major mobile operators in Rwanda and all of them successfully launched payments and remittance services (domestic and international) for their customers:

MTN (40–50% of the market) >> MTN Mobile Money

Tigo (30–40%)>> Tigo Cash

Airtel (15–20%)->> Airtel Money

I assume most “fintechy people” kno how mobile money works, but for others I will shortly describe the user case:

Every sim-card holder in Rwanda can open a mobile wallet account and top it up. In order to load funds to your account, you need to buy a scratch card from an agent or at a telco branch (agents are people, whom you can find near almost any bus stop or shopping centre). Furthermore you can also withdraw money from these agents, so basically they are the “ATMs” of Africa.

“ATM of Rwanda”: Tigo Cash agent. You can top-up your mobile account or withdraw cash

After your wallet account is loaded, you can make payments or money transfers online (in the app or web site) or offline at the point-of-sale, where you can pay using a traditional terminal or directly to the seller (smartphone to smartphone). If your smartphone doesn’t have an NFC chip, you need to buy a small NFC-tag which you stick to the phone (I saw these with almost every smartphone there).

Interesting that mobile wallets can be of different types: from so-called “unbanked” (with light registration requirements and limited number of transactions and amounts) to “fully-banked” accounts which are quite similar to a bank current account.

Besides payments, you can make a p2p domestic transfer as well as even get international money transfers to your wallet (e.g. WorldRemit partners with MTN mobile money wallet).

Acceptance of MTN wallet payment at point-of-sale

Beyond payments: savings and loans

MoKash, launched by MTN in partnership with Kenya’s CBA bank (the name means “more cash”), is the extension of their product line.  While MTN mobile money is the tool to pay and transfer money, MoKash is a complete banking product, which allows clients to save money with interest (7% interest for deposits) or borrow loans. Moreover it’s very convenient: fully digital and instant.  You just dial *182#, follow the instructions, and your account will be quickly loaded with a small loan (up to $400 USD). Credit scoring is based on data from your MTN phone usage and Mobile Money usage history, which influences the amount of your credit limits.  This means that even unbanked people have access to small loans. BTW the loan is provided by CBA bank, not by MTN itself.

The best offline promo places are taken by Telcos and their services like MoKash.

Other players (non-bank and non-telco)

While mobile operators compete with each other Mobicash, which was launched in the middle of 2016 and already has several million clients, aims to complement all existing players by working with banks, payment switches, and mobile network providers and integrating them with the MobiCash platform. Through 900 MobiCash agents located countrywide, people get access to the following services:

  • Top-up mobile phones of any mobile network
  • Payments for utilities
  • Money transfers
  • Payroll service for SMEs
  • e-Government services
  • Tax payments

Will banks survive in this fintech red ocean? Only with open banking and a BaaS approach

I believe that banks in Africa will survive only if they will co-operate with new players, not compete with them: with telcos (like MTN and CBA), fintech startups, ecommerce players etc. However, the existing infrastructure of most of the local banks is not ready to be integrated with third-party players. Banks’ IT legacy systems, lack of resources, lack of security, overall bureaucracy and slowness are the real barriers for effective cooperation with new players.

The most effective solution to overcome these challenges is to create Bank-as-a-Service platforms with open APIs.  This is how it was done in the US (Bancorp, BBVA,CBW), Europe (Wirecard, SolarisBank, Railsbank) and currently happening in Asia (Wirecard, BAASIS). A short description of Bank-as-a-Service can be found here.

During my keynote speech I talked about the South-East Asia experience, and the challenges and barriers for fintech development here, and the lessons that Africa could learn from the Asian experience in order not to repeat the same mistakes (my presentation is here on Chris's blog).

What should Africa learn from experience of SE Asian countries and why open banking and BAAS are crucially important.

p.s. surprisingly I’ve had a really bad experience with traditional banking in Rwanda:

  • I found an ATM in the convention centre which ate my card and than went out of service, so I waited several hours for support to come and return my card;
  • When I went to book the famous Rwandan “Gorilla tour”, I tried to pay with my card but their terminal didn’t work due to a connection failure; and then
  • When I physically went to the bank to withdraw cash, my Singaporean banking card was blocked ... in total I spent around 3–4 hours to make a simple transaction.
I’ve got not the greatest experience with traditional banks in Rwanda

Maybe it’s a sign to start using some local fintech products? :)

p.p.s. I also hope to come back to Rwanda soon again — a very unique and interesting country. It’s ranked as one of the safest countries in Africa and #9 globally according to the World Economic Forum.

While there are a lot of security people with guns on streets, in general you feel really safe and comfortable there. And the natural parks are amazing, especially the famous mountain gorillas:

Chris Skinner Author Avatar

Chris M Skinner

Chris Skinner is best known as an independent commentator on the financial markets through his blog, TheFinanser.com, as author of the bestselling book Digital Bank, and Chair of the European networking forum the Financial Services Club. He has been voted one of the most influential people in banking by The Financial Brand (as well as one of the best blogs), a FinTech Titan (Next Bank), one of the Fintech Leaders you need to follow (City AM, Deluxe and Jax Finance), as well as one of the Top 40 most influential people in financial technology by the Wall Street Journal's Financial News. To learn more click here...

Intelligent Money: Our Future Is Where We Do Not Think About Money, As Our Money Thinks For Us

What is the future?

Learn more

Learn more about Chris

About Chris Skinner

The Past, Present And Future Of Banking, Finance And Technology

Fintech expert Chris Skinner: countries need digital transformation to remain competitive

Join me on Linkedin

Follow Me on X!

Hire Chris Skinner for dinners, workshops and more

Learn directly from from one of the most influential people in technology, gain insights from the world's most innovative companies, and build a global network.

Chris’s latest book

Order now

Chris Skinner’s ‘Intelligent Money’ Book Launch Event

Top 50 Global Thought Leaders and Influencers on Finance 2024

Global Awards

Lifetime Achievement Award

Global 100 - 2024 Winner

Chris Skinner - Financial Markets Advisor of the Year - The Finanser - UK 2023

Best Financial Markets Advisor of the Year 2023

30 Best Regtech Blogs and Websites 2023

Kids creating the future bank | TEDxAthens

Captain Cake and the Candy Crew

Captain Cake Winner of a Golden Mom’s Choice Award

TWO-TIME WINNER OF A MOM’S CHOICE GOLD AWARD!

Alex at the Financial Services

Gaping Void's Hugh MacLeod worked with the Finanser